Essay on The Use of Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory in...

Lev Semenovich Vygotsky, a Constructive Learning theorist, was born and raised in a small Russian village called Orscha. He grew up in a well educated family, where his father was a banker. Throughout his early childhood, Vygotsky was tutored at home by a paid teacher. It wasn’t until he was a junior in high school when Vygotsky had his first experience with public schools. Vygotsky was always an exceptional student who enjoyed spending his free time writing. By the time Vygotsky turned 18, he wrote and published his first essay entitled â€Å"Hamlet†. Although he had a love for philosophy, history, and literature, in 1913 Vygotsky enrolled at the University of Moscow as a medical student. It didn’t take long for him to realize the†¦show more content†¦His thinking was influenced by Piaget, and Vygotsky actively tried to initiate a dialogue with Piaget about certain points of disagreements† (Broderick Blewitt, 2009, p.101). Vygotsky believe d a child’s cognitive development was gained through the interaction of one’s culture, as well as language, which is what prompted his theoretical perception development known as Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory. â€Å"Vygotsky’s promising life was cut short in 1934, when he succumbed to an attack of tuberculosis. In Vygotsky, we have another example of a truly great mind whose ideas have inspired the work of many students of cognitive development† (Broderick Blewitt, 2009, p.101). Sociocultural Theory Unlike Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory, which stresses that cognitive development was expected to mature through self initiated discovery, Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory places greater emphasis on the influence a child’s culture, social factor, and language. Meaning, Vygotsky believed a child learns more from personal interaction with in his/her culture, rather than through individual experiences of chance and random. Social interaction with one’s culture plays a tremendous role in the cognitive development of an individual. Culturally specific tools and language, taught and passes from generation to generation, are perceived practice for one’s survival in socialShow MoreRelatedThe Sociocultural Theory Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pages The sociocultural theory was developed by a theorist named Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky was born in 1896 and was from the former Soviet Union. He was a psychologist who had an abundance of ideas and put them into many theories and writings. Although Vygotsky died from tuberculosis at the young age of thirty-eight, his most prominent work was done in a short period of ten years. When he died in 1934, the Soviet Union held most of his work and it was not until about 1960 that his work was translated intoRead MoreLev Vygotsky And The Sociocultural Theory Of Development1016 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped and introduced the Sociocultural Theory of development that was heavily dependent on the influence of environmental factors—such as social groups, culture and institutions—on the cognitive development of children. Although Vygotsky constructed his theory during the late 1920s to early 1930s, it did not gain popularity till â€Å"the recent translation and republication of his work into English in 1962† (Burkholder and Pelà ¡ez 2000). The development of Vygotsky’s theory was also heavily influencedRead MoreThe Theory Of Cognitive Development10 25 Words   |  5 PagesMany philosophers have developed theories of how individuals learn over the decades. As an individual progresses through life from childhood to adulthood, the manner in which they take in knowledge, and mature is the basic theory of cognitive development. Cognitive development can be described as how an individual’s thought process develops, and how these thought processes impact how an individual comprehends and interacts in the world. The psychology theorists of the past have shaped the classroomsRead MoreSociocultural Learning Affects the Development of Children Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesSociocultural Learning Affects the Development of Children ECE 101 Professor Kara Bullock Chakera Simon October 12, 2010 Sociocultural Learning Affects the Development of Children Lev Vygotsky believed that children learn from their own experience. As a teacher I have grown to learn that Vygotsky’s findings are true in so many ways. Just from watching the children in my classroom I see that the Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding play a huge part in the development of a child. Read MoreVygotskys Sociocultural Theory and Hong Kong1024 Words   |  5 PagesVygotsky’s sociocultural theory focused on the affect of the surroundings, namely the culture, peers, and adults, on the developing child. Vygotsky proposed the â€Å"zone of proximal development† (ZPD) to explain the influence of the cultural context. ZPD refers to the range of tasks which a child cannot finish alone since they are too difficult, but such tasks can be completed with guidance and aid from more-skilled individuals. The lower limit of ZPD is the level of skill that the children can reachRead MoreSimilarities Between Piaget And Vygotsky And Cognitive Development953 Words   |  4 PagesDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST This paper will explore two influential men whose theories have a remarkable influence on development and learning. Second, this essay will examine Piaget and Vygotsky’s background, each hypothesis as it relates to cognitive development and education, the similarities and differences, the impact of having better insight into and understanding the concept of learning. Developmental science involves looking at the entire realm of human thought, behavior, and expression (SteinbergRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development850 Words   |  4 Pagesthe senses and experiences. Conceptual skills are higher level processing, such as, making decisions and problem solving (Hooper and Umansky, 2014). Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory are influential in our understanding of cognitive development for typical and atypical children. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development suggests two stages of development, sensorimotor and preoperational thoughts. These two stages describe children to the age 7 or 8 yearsRead MoreSociocultural Theory And Social Rules1726 Words   |  7 Pages When looking at sociocultural factors one is faced with a variety of models that attempt to provide a social explanation of how language is acquired. This includes an examination of such influences as the social characteristics of the setting and the learner and the social rules for second language use. While typically associated with these models, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, which is based in his study of psychology, does not attempt to use culture to explain how language is acquired. InsteadRead MoreA Comparative Analysis Of Theories Of Vygotsky And Piaget1446 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper is a comparative analysis of the theories of Vygotsky and Piaget with emphasis on how the role of cultural context in child development is present in each of the theories. An in depth examination of each theory will be completed so as to give a clear understanding of the theories. The paper will also focus on the similarities and differences of the theories. Jean Piaget (1896 - 1980) was a developmental psychologist who introduced the theory of cognitive development in children. PiagetRead MoreThe Theories Of Piaget And Vygotsky On Childhood Development1703 Words   |  7 PagesBochner Karuse, 2013, p. 56). Their theories are complimentary and provide a more rigorous comprehension of childhood development (Shayer, M., 2003, p. 465). Their varying principles are applicable to many situations concerning the development of children. The focuses of Piaget and Vygotsky on the ways of childhood development differ. Piaget was focused on the four developmental stages of cognitive growth in his Theory of Cognitive Development, whilst Vygotsky’s principles were based on development

The Ladder Of Divine Ascent, By St. John Climacus Essay

Religion is a personal belief or faith in God or different Gods. The different perspectives of seeing God has been a controversy for centuries. Different religions and doctrines have had a great impact in our society. Many have suffered for various ways to worship God. Others are still wondering what to believe in, while important philosophers have their own conclusions over what religion consists of. Therefore, Christians have their faith and hope in the God who sent his only child to die for our sins. Good and evil exist and we observe it on a daily basis. Religion takes obedience which is shown in the painting â€Å"The Ladder of Divine Ascent,† by St. John Climacus illustrating the idea that people knew what is right and wrong when following God but for some it was hard to obey Him. I chose my topic on Mandates of Heaven by Lapham’s Quarterly because it is a compelling topic for our ancestors and for these current times. Throughout my analysis I will state why I fee l that the overall issue will continue to go unsolved unless one puts a practice to the test by building a relationship with God. In the preamble Mandates of Heaven Lapham is trying to level out the field by presenting to us the various beliefs of people who have their own thoughts of the identity of God. Many think God is dead because some do not or simply cannot physically prove Jesus exists and has risen from the dead on the third day. However, the central focus of this essay revolves around the thought of how

Reflective Leadership Plan Free Essays

A person with average charisma can be a superior leader. I consider myself to be a leader with average charisma and I am set on changing the world. I am a leader who has an exceptional relationship with my followers and it goes beyond setting goals, using resources, and conducting business (Nahavandi, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Leadership Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now My students do not see me as merely an Instructor but as role model and/or hero. One characteristic that defines charismatic leaders is their self-confidence in their own abilities and in the correctness and the moral righteousness of their beliefs and actions (Bass, 1985). Whereas noncharismatic leaders doubt themselves in the face of failure and criticism, charismatic leaders seem to know they are right and project that confidence. My high level of confidence in their actions motivates my students and creates a self-fulfilling prophecy. Along with a high level of self-confidence, I exhibit high energy levels. I am enthusiastic about my ideas and actions, I am highly expressive, and I use my nonverbal cues to lend support to my students’ verbal messages. Charismatic leaders are masterful impression managers (Conger, 1989 House, 1977). They surround themselves with dramatic and mystical symbols that further enhance the image of the leader as a larger-than-life figure. I believe that we are born with the traits to become great leaders. Leadership can come in different forms and from all backgrounds. Having all the right conditions in place will not guarantee leadership. I have come across leaders with all the right conditions who failed by performance when given the opportunity. I have also come across the uneducated with no support system who becomes business owners and community leaders. First, leadership is a group phenomenon; there can be no leaders without followers. Leadership always involves interpersonal influence or persuasion. Second, leadership is goal directed and plays an active role in groups and organizations. Leaders use influence to guide others through a certain course of action or toward the achievement of certain goals. Third, the presence of leaders assumes some form of hierarchy within a group. As far as my leadership style goes. I am more task oriented, according to the â€Å"What’s my Leadership Style Assessment†. I have little concern for people and more concern for completing the task. My leadership style would not work because I need more balance between the tasks and the people. This is something I would have to work on. My goal is to be a charismatic transformational leader. My current leadership style would create a problem in an organization. Gaining concern for the people would be one way my leadership style would become more effective. Getting more involved in the wants and needs of the people could aid in transforming my leadership style. I would also like to hear suggestions from my followers. As a transformational leader, I would have to bring about change, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Transformational leaders are social and are capable of being learned and managed. It’s a leadership process that is organized. The process consists of meaningful searches for change, orderly analysis, and the ability to move resources from areas of lesser to greater productivity. Strategic transformation of an organization is not something that happens exclusively through the unique behavior of charismatic intellects, it is a discipline with a set of predicted steps. Transforming an organization to make it strategically economical is a multifaceted task. However, the proof that has been gathered shows that transformation can be thought about and acted on within a framework that’s easy to understand (Tichy and Devanna, 1990). To help in the development of my leadership style I would like to transform an organization. Though this may be a challenge, I know that it will involve both joys and sorrows. Winning/beating the competition is exciting, but it’s painful to lay off workers, sell off businesses, and disrupt traditions. These occurrences are often part of a renewal, for what worked in the past may have become the cause of failure in the present. Transforming an organization also requires new vision, new frames for thinking about strategy, structure, and people. Some entrepreneurs can start with a clean slate, but transformational leaders begin with what is already in place. They are like architects who must redesign outmoded factories for a new use (Tichy and Devanna, 1990). Transformational Leadership Theory states that transformational leaders provide people with support by engaging with them in a way where the leaders and followers raise each other to higher levels of motivation and morality (Burns, 1978). Leaders encourage followers to accept the disappointments without feeling as if they had failed at specific tasks As a future transformational leader, I must identify myself as a change agent. My image, both professional and personal, is to make a difference in the organization and to transform it. I must be a courageous wise risk taker, who is not afraid to take a stand. I will believe in my people and have sensitivity them but yet powerful which leads to the empowerment of them. My drive is value and I will be able to articulate a set of essential beliefs and show behavior that is quite constant with my positions. I am a lifelong learner with the ability to talk about my mistakes so that I can correct them. I will have a gift to deal with complexity, ambiguity, and uncertainty. I will learn to cope with problems in a tough, altering economy. And have a vision of what I want in my organization and be able to translate those dreams and images so that other people could share them (Tichy and Devanna, 1990). Transformational leaders are supportive of their people by helping them to replace past glories with future opportunities. This will happen only if they are able to acknowledge individual struggle that has come from a sense of loss in the transition. Leaders should encourage employees to accept the failures without feeling as if they had failed. It does not help to treat transitions as if the past did not exist. The past will hold the key to understanding what went wrong as well as what worked and can frequently provide a useful map to the future. Transformational leaders are being asked to address not only economic issues but also moral issues. Transformational leaders must be prepared to deal with a world in which resources are increasingly scarce and change happens more rapidly. All of the traits of a charismatic transformational leader are areas that I need to work on to become my best. This will be overcome by my class teachings and readings. To ensure that I am on the right path, I will implement a survey that will be administered to my followers. This survey will entail all of the key aspects of becoming a charismatic transformational leader. Depending on the results of the survey, I will make adjustments accordingly. Although competence and cognitive ability might be keys for success when working alone, leadership requires successful interaction with others and the ability to motivate them to accomplish goals. I can be the first to admit that I work better alone. I feel that I can get the job done faster when there are no interruptions. EI/EQ is a central factor in several leadership processes, particularly in the development of charismatic and transformational leadership, where the emotional bond between leaders and followers is imperative. Being able to empathize with followers can further allow me to develop followers and create a consensus. Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence contributes to effective leadership because an emotionally intelligent leader focuses on followers, on inspiring them, and on developing enthusiasm (George, 2000). How to cite Reflective Leadership Plan, Essays

Consolidate Finance Statement Public Sector â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Consolidate Finance Statement Public Sector? Answer: Introducation This case study that has been provided in this paper has the sole purpose of understanding whether Knapp Ltd is a subsidiary of Leo Ltd or not. With respect to this question, it can be said Knapp Ltd being a subsidiary to Leo Ltd would depend on whether Leo Ltd tries to control Knapp Ltd. In this scenario, as Leo Ltd has a hold on the convertible debentures it does not provide the full power of controlling Knapp ltd to them. It is due to the fact that Mr. Hang has the actual control over Knapp Ltd according to AASB 10, which states that the controlling concept is the capability to control and management, it is even a power to govern and supervise the concept rather than an real controlling concept. In this scenario, it is seen that Leo Ltd has selected Mr Wang in order to lead the team for the manufacturing of a new product line. Mr Wang is therefore named the Managing Director of Knapp Ltd. He is paid an annual salary of $100,000 and $ 10,000 out of the overall money is paid to Mr Wang during the establishment of Knapp Ltd. The amount of $10,000 is invested by Mr Wang in the project and thereby gains the initial issue of 10 shares for the organization and the voting of the ordinary shares. It is even seen that according to this scenario, in accordance to AASB 10, Mr Wang is the authority to control, manage and govern Knapp Ltd as he holds 10 initial issues of voting ordinary shares. Therefore, he would be person has the authority tom take control over the operations of the company and undertake decisions according to his wish in order to develop the new product and establish the company. Mr Wang even has the actual control over Knapp Ltd, but according to AASB 10, the concept of control is the capability to control and the authority to govern the mechanism and not the actual concept of control (Aasb.gov.au. 2017). It can be seen when Leo Ltd transfers $500,000 to Knapp Ltd for 7% 10 year debentures convertible during any point of time into 500 shares of Knapp Ltd which are voting ordinary shares. If Leo Ltd converts these debentures into shares, they would hold the power to control and govern the concept as they would fulfil the obligations of Knapp Ltd of undertaking decisions. It is due to the fact that the constitution of Knapp Ltd ascertains powers for the voting ordinary share holders and the holders of the securities convertible into voting ordinary that is in need of the majority of every class of voting independently (Perera and Chand 2015). The difference between actual control and the capacity to control can be understood properly as it is seen that even though Mr Wang has been chosen for controlling Knapp Ltd, Knapp Ltd may overrule this scenario by converting their debentures into voting ordinary shares. In this respect the actual control would be in the hands of Leo Ltd and the capacity of control would levy on Mr Wang as long as Leo Ltd does not convert their debentures to ordinary voting shares of Knapp Ltd. In this scenario Leo Ltd would be considered as a passive controller. It is due to the fact that Mr Wang, the holder of Knapp Ltd is currently exercisable instrument has the power and the capability to control. Mr Wang has the independent capability to employ the instrument and hereby gain the authority to determine the operating and the financial policy (Pacter 2017). Leo Ltd is considered to be passive controller as they would have the ability to control the proceedings of Knapp Ltd once they convert their convertible debentures in to ordinary voting shares of Knapp Ltd. Once the conversion is completed Leo Ltd would become the active controller. Leo Ltd not implementing the conversion option means that Leo Ltd has implicitly accepted the policies that have been determined by Knapp Ltd. A correlation can be constructed with the delegated authority Mr Wang. Mr Wang has the knowledge that if he fails to gain the acceptance of Leo Ltd for his duties, then Leo Ltd can exercise their control by assistance of converting their debentures (Grossi 2015). The final conclusion that can be concluded that Mr Wang has the controlling power until Leo Ltd chooses not to implement the conversion operations. Leo Ltd does not have the power to make any decisions related to the policy of Knapp Ltd. They have first implement the conversion option of their convertible debentures. Leo Ltd may never incorporate this strategy. In that scenario, Mr Wang has the authority to construct all the policies of Knapp Ltd. Mr Wang hs the present capability to manage and control, this situation would only change if Leo Ltd incorporated their options. Until this action is being taken, Leo does not have the present ability to control. As it is seen that Leo Ltd has not implemented the strategy, there lies a question whether the shareholders of Knapp Ltd requires the information about the mixed entity about both the companies. Another discussion point is whether the chances of implementation of the conversion option should is a segment of the decision making process. With respect to AASB 10, the rights require to be substantive in order to control for their existence. For instance, due to the economic situations Knapp ltd may not require to incorporate the options. If it is unfavourable to the holder of the options to incorporate the options, the holder does not have any control over the other body. Acquisition Analysis: Particulars Carrying Amount Fair Value Net Fair Value Share Capital $125,000 General Reserve $31,250 Retained Earnings $25,000 Plant Machinery 106250 112500 6250 Net Fair Value of Identifiable Assets Liabilities $187,500 Purchase Consideration $200,000 Goodwill $12,500 In the Books of Dean Ltd. Journal Entries Particulars Amount Amount Business Combination Valuation Entries: Accumulated Depreciation A/c. Dr. $18,750 To, Plant Machinery A/c. $12,500 To, Deferred Tax Liability A/c. $1,875 To, Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. $4,375 Depreciation Expense A/c. Dr. $625 Retained Earnings (1/1/17) A/c. Dr. $2,500 To, Accumulated Depreciation A/c. $3,125 Deferred Tax Liability A/c. Dr. $938 To, Income Tax Expenses A/c. $188 To, Retained Earnings (1/1/17) A/c. $750 Goodwill A/c. Dr. $12,500 To, Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. $12,500 Pre-Acquisition Entries: Share Capital A/c. Dr. $125,000 General Reserve A/c. Dr. $31,250 Retained Earnings (1/1/13) A/c. Dr. $25,000 Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. Dr. $18,750 To, Shares in Diane Ltd. A/c. $200,000 Share Capital A/c. Dr. $125,000 General Reserve A/c. Dr. $31,250 Retained Earnings (1/1/17) A/c. Dr. $25,000 Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. Dr. $18,750 To, Shares in Diane Ltd. A/c. $200,000 Sale Profit in Closing Inventory: Sales Revenue A/c. Dr. $25,000 To, Cost of Sales A/c. $23,875 To, Inventory A/c. $1,125 Deferred Tax Assets A/c. Dr. $338 To, Income Tax Expenses A/c. $338 Profit in Opening Inventory: Retained Earnings (1/1/17) A/c. Dr. $14,000 Income Tax Expenses A/c. Dr. $6,000 To, Cost of Sales A/c. $20,000 Sale of Equipment: Profit on Sale of Assets A/c. Dr. $42,000 Deferred Tax Assets A/c. Dr. $18,000 To, Machine A/c. $60,000 Accumulated Depreciation A/c. Dr. $5,000 To, Depreciation Expenses A/c. $5,000 Income Tax Expenses A/c. Dr. $1,500 To, Deferred Tax Assets A/c. $1,500 Computer Service Cost: Computer Services Cost A/c. Dr. $36,000 To, Service Revenue A/c. $36,000 Accounts Payable A/c. Dr. $3,000 To, Accounts Receivable A/c. $3,000 Sale of Plant: Retained Earnings (1/1/17) A/c. Dr. $5,600 Deferred Tax Assets A/c. Dr. $2,400 To, Plant A/c. $8,000 Accumulated Depreciation A/c. Dr. $1,600 To, Retained Earnings (1/1/17) A/c. $800 To, Depreciation Expenses A/c. $800 Income Tax Expenses A/c. Dr. $240 Retained Earnings (1/1/17) A/c. Dr. $240 To, Deferred Tax Assets A/c. $480 Final Dividend Declared: Dividend Revenue A/c. Dr. $10,000 To, Dividend Declared A/c. $10,000 Dividend Payable A/c. Dr. $10,000 To, Dividend Receivable A/c. $10,000 Goodwill Impairment: Retained Earnings (1/1/17) A/c. Dr. $1,250 Impairment of Goodwill A/c. Dr. $3,000 To, Accumulated Impairment-Goodwill A/c. $4,250 References Aasb.gov.au. (2017).Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017]. Bisogno, M., Santis, S. and Tommasetti, A., 2015. Public-Sector Consolidated Financial Statements: An Analysis of the Comment Letters on IPSASBs Exposure Draft No. 49.International Journal of Public Administration,38(4), pp.311-324. Grossi, G., 2015. Consolidated financial statements in the public sector.Public sector accounting, pp.63-76. Pacter, P., 2017. IASB Corner.The International Journal of Accounting. Perera, D. and Chand, P., 2015. Issues in the adoption of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMES).Advances in Accounting,31(1), pp.165-178. Sinclair, R., Northcott, D. and Hooper, K., 2014. Can sector-specific standards economics the comparability of Third sector organisations' financial statements?.Third Sector Review,20(2), p.27.

Obesity surgery free essay sample

The purpose of this paper is to critically review the research carried out by Ogden, Clementi and Aylwin (2006) on â€Å"The impact of the obesity surgery and the paradox of control: a qualitative study†. This research was carried out to investigate the patient experience on obesity surgery. Therefore, this paper will try to identify the accuracy of the tittle, the rationale behind the research work and its aim. The strengths and weaknesses will be highlighted, literature will be critically review with support from relevant sources, ethical issues, method of analysis and the methodology adopted will be identify (Bryman, 2008). The tittle of this article was clearly stated and concise. Cutcliffe and Ward (2006) point out that the tittle of an article should reflect the content of the work and also stimulate the interest of the reader to read it. Also some of the title words were cited in the keywords subsection (Marshall, 2005; Parahoo, 2006). The credibility of the researchers, undoubtedly the researcher place of work was mentioned appropriately. We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity surgery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, there is no evidence of two of the researcher being linked to the professional field relevant to the research undertaking. (Ryan et al. 2007). The article went through a rigorous review process before it was accepted for publication (Day, 2012; Benos et al. , 2007). Ogden et al. (2006) was received first in 2004; in final form 2005 and was published in 2006. The reference in the article is up to date (ranging from 1977-200) which shows that the article is supported by rang of studies over an intensive frame of time. Therefore is a scientific article (Shewan and Coats, 2010). The abstract gives a concise overview of the paper, the summary of the introduction, aim of the study, method used and result of the findings (Calmorin and Calmorin, 2008). Also, according to Hek and Moule (2006) an abstract gives a succinct analysis of a study. The research used a qualitative methodology to explore the experience of the participants. Ogden et al. (2006) achieved this by carrying out research on the experience of the participants on obesity surgery which was done in a natural setting (Kylea et al. , 2003; Daymom and Holloway, 2001). More so the flexibility of the research was evident by the use of in-depth interview which gave deeper insight on the phenomenon under study. Boyce and Neala (2006) indicate that in-depth interview is good when the researcher want to understand in detail about experience, thought and behaviour. Although the method the researcher used for data collection is preferred. However, the response of the participant to the interview question may be biased (Boyce and Neala op cit 2006). The introduction has background information and offers a theoretical context of study that orientate the reader to the problem (Ellison and McGraw-hill’s, 2010; Marshall, 2004). In addition, the literature was well reviewed through information drawn from valid sources, which showed that Ogden et al,(2006) did a wide and thorough search to compare the pass studied to present study and the literature review were related to their study (Marshall, 2005; Calmorin and Calmorin, 2008). A qualitative researcher should ensure that a good rapport is established with the interviewees (Dicicco-Bloom and Crabtree, 2006). It gives a conducive atmosphere for the respondents to feel at ease and comfortable to provide access to information of their stories (Polit and Beck, 2008). Qualitative researchers should be able to point out the setting where the sample was generate, the sampling method used and describe their sample in terms of characteristics and relevance to the wider population (Aderson, 2010). Although Ogden et al.(2006) presented that 22 patient from a previous quantitative research that had completed their questionnaires were invited to be interviewed, the setting the sample was selected was not mentioned so the appropriateness of the sample cannot be ascertain. According to Polit and Beck (2004) the external validity of a study depends on the adequacy of the sampling design used. Moreover, the researcher was expected to us a sample technique which will put the age range, population and characteristic of the sample into consideration (Profetto-McGrath, Polit and Beck, 2010). Furthermore, the researcher stated the number of participants in the sample; these include 15 out of the 22 people that are invited for the interview. Smith and Osborn (2008) and Carey (2013) noted that sample size depends on a number of factors and that there is no â€Å"right† sample size and that a small sample size is norm in interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as larger data may lead to loss in meaning of the result. Ogden et al. (2006) used in-depth interview to investigate the experience of the respondents on Obesity Surgery. He pointed out that after the 15 people were interviewed; they assumed to have attained saturation as no fresh theme where emerging and similarity stories were also seen to be emerging, therefore no further interview were arranged. â€Å"Saturation† is a problematic concept in this context. According to Klenke (2008) the concept of saturation is inappropriate. However researchers may present to have attained saturation which they may not be able to explain or prove (Bowen, 2008). The researcher applied ethical consideration by obtaining approval from hospital ethical committee (Denscombe, 2009). However Ogden et al. (2006) did not obtain a written consent from the participants. According to Jefford, (2008) individual has the right to make a â€Å"reasonable† decision to participate or reject. Ogden et al. (2006) used interpretative analysis to analyse their data which is a technique that help in understanding human experience better (Smith, Jarman and Osborn, 1999). Furthermore the researcher showed evidence of peer review evaluation which is essential in qualitative research, where they opted that the transcript were re-read by JO and CC to have good insight of the data (Holloway and Wheeler, 2010). That makes the credibility of their finding unquestionable to some extent. However, the researcher gave room for criticism; they were somehow biased in analysing the data because the entire researcher had already regarded surgery as a positive treatment alternative (LeCompte and Margaret, 2000). In conclusion, although the setting and the sampling method used in generating the sample was not mention, also there was no written consent obtained from the participant. However, the researcher used interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyse the data which is a reliable technique.  Finally it has brought to light the advantage of obesity surgery over behavioural intervention and other health benefit.

The Rise of the New World in The Oresteia

The Rise of the New World in The Oresteia The Rise of the New World in The Oresteia Oh but a mans high daring spirit, Who can account for that? Or womans desperate passion daring past all bounds? She couples with every form of ruin known to mortals (The Libation Bearers 579-81) This lyrical excerpt from the chorus of The Libation Bearers in a highly pensive note marks the finale of the scene that takes place at Agamemnons grave, near the palace of Argos. That is when the two siblings, Orestes and Electra, reunited after a long time, planning the murder of their mother Clytaemnestra and her lover, Aegisthus. It has to be mentioned that matricide or patricide were considered to be the most atrocious crimes in ancient Greece. However, such a dire act was slightly justified by Clytaemnestra, who has murdered the siblings father, and by Apollo who himself requested the punishment. What really stands out here, in The Libation Bearers lament, is the great division between men and women in terms of the source of their madness: the hubris, the excess, the lavishness, all being bringers of doom. Clytaemnestras madness is indirectly but strongly tied to her instincts and sexuality as the desperate passion daring (The Libation Bearers 580). Based on the trilogy, these are the kinds of excesses rendered by the womanhoods greatest asset, the ability to give birth. On the other hand, the hubris of the men is related to boldness, audacity, and overconfidence in a warriors strength. Such distinction between the hubris of the men and that of the women demonstrates a very strong connection between the female and the chthonic forces, and it ties the social function of the master or ruler to masculinity. The chthonic forces of the Greek pantheon are rather ambiguous elements. Aeschylus definitely refers to them in The Oresteia as to the forces of the underworld that is closely tied to fertility as well as to envy, lust, and sensuality. They are depicted as the monsters or creatures of darkness and dread. In order to justify the killing of her husband Agamemnon, Clytaemnestras complex plea put forward the sacrificial rite of her daughter Iphigenia, born in blood and pain, for the purpose of winning the war, denying her maternal right associated with the warrior master. Besides, the image of Iphigenias death on the altar by the insistence on blood and pain depicts a reversed echo of her birth. Even so, this entitlement is soon shadowed to a mere pretext once Clytaemnestra accuses the long absence of Agamemnon from the conjugal bed. Finally, her desperate passion daring in the end satisfied by Aegisthus, is revealed as the real reason that stands behind Clytaemnestra murdering Agamemnon. The elders of the city, representing the chorus of the trilogys first part, are regarding the murderous wife in the terms as depicted above. Thus, they are indignantly contesting any rights her paramour Aegisthus has taken as the new leader of the city. Consequently, Orestes and Electra are not considering Clytaemnestra to be the mother who gave them birth, but as the one who has killed their father, stripped them of all rights, sent them to a social death in favor of her lover. As a lover, Clytaemnestra appears to be a creature of reversed birthing, and Orestes nurse is convinced that the display of her pain about the news of Orestes death is fake. It is said to be a mask underneath which the joy that the potential candidate to the throne of Argos and therefore, her lovers adversary hides, is now gone. These are the results derived from the sequence that ends with The Libation Bearers excerpts at Agamemnons grave. Even there, in a place and at a time where reminiscence and the current state of affairs could have brought it up, nobody, not even Orestes and Electra mentioned the sacrifice of Iphigenia. There was no love that was lost between them and Agamemnon, as it was he who had reduced their social ranking to mere servants, as their status of spoils of war entitled him. If we take in consideration the deities that are joining the family conflict, the Furies on Clytaemnestras side and Apollo on Agamemnons side, and also the fact that the female monsters are the daughters of the Night, who take the interference of the new gods as a trespassing, there is a reason to think that Aeschylus has chosen The Oresteia to celebrate a significant change in the society. The old gods are the chthonic gods, the masters of birth. In the last part of The Oresteia, the chorus of the Furies threatens the citizens of Athens with the drought of the land that would occur if the Areopagus (judicial body assembled by the elders) ruled for Orestes, therefore justifying the murder of his mother and also depriving them of the right to punish him. The new gods, on the other hand, The Olympians, are those of the city. Athena herself, who presides over the trial of Orestes, is a goddess without a mother, who was born from the head of Zeus and represented the full-fledged woman th at was set free because of her connection to the chthonic mystery of blood and pain. The act of revenge in the human world, like the one that started the Trojan War, becomes a struggle of the gods, with dominion being the prize. The triumph of the new gods over the old ones now reduced to positions of underlings and has also a deeper meaning, since it consecrates a downgrade of the woman rights in society. The trial of Orestes also challenges the role of the woman as birthing mother on the grounds of the warrior goddess birth, in favor of the role of nursing mother. Just like the old chthonic gods lost their positions, everything thats tied to them in the new society has to disappear or to be significantly altered to fit the new mindset. Set free from the fears of the daughters of the night, the Areopagus denies women any right to lead, rule, and in general to participate in the life and well-being of the state, in any way. With the exception of Athena herself, the judicial body is comprised only of men. There is no mentioning of any other form of social life anywher e in The Oresteia, because Clytaemnestra, the murderous wife, does not assume the leading role of her husband after having killed him, offering it to Aegisthus, her lover. The old days of the world can only be deduced from the existence of the conflict of the gods which was diplomatically solved in favor of the new gods by means of granting the old temples and offerings from the citizens of Athens. Thus, the old deities that are tamed and are now known by the name of Eumenides can participate in the well-being of the new harmonious way of life. From this perspective, The Oresteia does not only celebrate the triumph of the powers of light, of rightful justice over the dark right of an eye for an eye, but it also celebrates the triumph of a new world, a world of men. The city/state that stands for this new world is a symbol of goddess, but a warrior goddess is a maiden that has no husband. Her other half is her twin brother Apollo, the god of light. The human womanhood, as the subordinate part of mother and wife, will still maintain a guileful role of duplicity, closely tied to the darkness that is ruled by monsters and is seen as the dominant characteristic when the heroine manifests the lover.

Beach Wedding Dresses Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beach Wedding Dresses - Article Example The researcher states that Sabino points out the fact that it is important to select a beach wedding dress with care. She explains that a long flowing wedding dress is not very practical for a bride who aspires to have a wedding on the beach. Instead, a comfortable hip dress that will exactly fit just right for the casual romantic wedding taking place with waves dancing near the beach, the sun setting on the horizon, and on golden sands would be a perfect choice. In view of the fact that a beach wedding is more informal as opposed to a traditional church wedding, one should choose a style that agrees with the ambiance. While selecting a beach wedding dress, one should not compromise on glamour but should keep it stylish and sleek. This also applies for the groom as well as their party – for a beach wedding, an informal affair is usually the best because of the sun, tuxedos and the sand do not match with formal attire. They should, therefore, go for light-weight natural fibers. As Reilley advises, one can choose a dress with a halter neck, strapless top or spaghetti straps. These are ideal for tanned shoulders’ show off. Alternatively, one can settle on flowing sleeves to provide shelter from the heat. Another option ideal for a beach wedding would be a simple sundress in soft chiffon or linen embroidered with classic or embroidery beads. Making a wedding dress elegant and simple works wonders for a beach wedding. One can choose a-line pattern or a low waist style. If one chooses a very much informal style, she can choose simpler beach wedding dresses in tropical or floral prints. If one is more audacious, she can even go for a bikini and accompany it with a dressy sarong. Since climates at the beaches tend to be windy, one should ensure that the beach wedding gown and hat are secured properly. White, the traditional attire for brides, is appropriate - it blends well with surf and the sand. In place of conventional tiaras, one can go for floral gar lands or head wreaths.

Compare and contrast the Four Leader-centric Approaches Term Paper

Compare and contrast the Four Leader-centric Approaches - Term Paper Example As the paper declares  the person possessing these qualities is considered a leader. A leader has certain important leadership traits such integrity, self-confidence, intelligence and determination. Style in leadership signifies the behavior of the leader. The style of leadership focuses mainly on the activities and the ways of approaching them. However, the leader centric approaches assist in determining the styles of the leaders. These can also be regarded as the qualities or traits which are hidden in different leadership styles.This essay highlights that the common question that is often asked is that, is the leaders above the law or does the moral values that applies to all, also applies to the leaders? Immanuel Kant, suggested that according to the deontological ethics, morality binds every one which also includes the leaders. So it can be said that if Kant is right in his approach, the leaders cannot have a rule breaking attitude, and cannot appeal if he/she is regarded wron g. However, in spite of this if a leader engages in any unethical behavior is simply an unreasonable person. So reasons demand that every person has to act in one way including a leader. The golden rule is that, which Kant has suggested, that says that, we should treat everyone the way we want to be get treated by others.  This view is very much applicable for authoritative leaders, who must understand that he is not different but part of the same crowd.

Scholarly vs. Popular Media Focus on Sexuality Essay

Scholarly vs. Popular Media Focus on Sexuality - Essay Example Flyers and lucid media images that stir up teenager girls to prime their fancy on sexuality and looks are injurious to self-esteem and physical health (Jayson 12). Conversely, this revelation can encourage girls and young women to view themselves and their bodies as sexual objects. The article also cuts across other issues like dolls which are used in TV, and or commercial advertisement. Ideally, Brazt dolls use suggestive clothing to dress their dress up their dolls that feature in advertisements. These dolls usually appear in MTV advertisements in sleazy miniskirts, fishnet stockings, and feather boas. According to Jayson (12), this sleaziness is what has led critics to label the dolls as potential motivators of sexualization of women and girls. It is a reality to contend with, as these are designed by default for four to eight olds, while they are still connected to objectifying adult sexuality. In her article, Jayson notes that these dolls with suggestive clothing have made some parents anxious and nervous over the uncalled for sexualization of their children. This is partly due to the sense of moralization around the advertisement. However, they is a huge difference of opinion between the teens and the older generation that views, although provocatively, teenage fashion as far too-concealing. On the other hand, teens may not view themselves as mere objects of sex. The two article speak, although, using different levels of thinking and perspectives, about women as sexual objects. The articles touch on advertisements, which would either be aired on commercial TV, and fashion magazines. Either way, both articles talk in depth about how advertisement may encourage young women and girls to change their perceptions into crasser sense of awareness about themselves. This... The articles talk in depth about how advertisement may encourage young women and girls to change their perceptions into crasser sense of awareness about themselves. This may negatively impact on the self-esteems of the teens and young women, who start to view themselves as sex objects. Even so, they reveal to us despite the companies’ objective behind their advertisements, there still is some moralizing about it.Women’s bodies are portrayed to be persistently on display with a view to be judged. Therefore, when women are represented as veritable sex objects in more than two, in fact three advertisements, the point becomes clear to both men and women: A woman’s significance is based on her physical appearance and sexuality. Moreover, this view suggests that women are objects to be looked at, rather than players with their own sexual craving. Granted, seeing women as sex objects doubles the rate of sexual violence against them. This view in turn makes sexual violen ce towards women appear justifiable. The two articles, examined here, were rather written professionally and independently, whereupon the authors have used different perspectives to pass across vital. The scholar approach article was presented in a more detailed form, while the popular media article was presented in one-off outline. Both articles have a deep wealth of information, but the scholarly approach carry’s the day with its informative and detailed style it was written.

Macbeths Ambition

Macbeths Ambition Macbeth goes through a steadily detrimental transformation in Shakespeares play Macbeth. Macbeth goes from being a conscientious, compassionate, logical and caring man in the beginning of the play and becoming logical, compassionate, caring, and conscientious man in the beginning of the play and becoming a cruel and insensitive excuse of a human being. His change in behavior from compassionate to insensitive and logical to illogical develops slowly, but surely. Macbeth shows that he is capable at his height in being compassionate and logical, which can be seen while he contemplates killing Duncan and in his final decision on the matter. Later, we see evidence of a descent from this when he is deciding to kill Banquo: his motives change, and he becomes less logical, less able to see the reasons against the deed. Finally, Macbeth shows that he has lost it all. Sanity, compassion, logic, everything is gone that once had been so evident at the beginning of the play. Macbeth becomes jaded and cynical, apathetically hopeless, a mass of entity that had once lived in honor. In trying to decide whether or not to murder Duncan in his soliloquy in Act I Scene VII, both the process by which Macbeth makes his decision and the final decision that he will not murder his king are indicative of conscience and thoughtfulness, morality and compassion. This is the high point from which Macbeth will fall. It is important to understand that he overcomes both the temptation of inherent ambition as well as provocation from his wife in regards to his fateful decision. He is on top of his own actions and decisions: compassion, an ethical attribute, takes precedence over vaulting ambition. However he firstly shows he is well aware of the punitive consequences of the murder, so he admits he would commit the assassination if it were the be-all and the end-all, lacking any negative repercussions. The fact that he can understand the judgment here shows he is thinking ahead. Then, he literally states what may happen; that the bloody instructions, murderous acts, may return to plague the inventor, comeback to murder he who committed murder in the first place. Only a person in a focused state of mind is able to grapple with specific potential consequences. Furthermore, he then goes through a laundry list of ethical reasons not to murder Duncan: I am his kinsman and his subject/ Strong both against the deed. He realizes, in a logical progression on these ethical points against the deed that he should protect Duncan, shut the door from the murderer not bear the knife [him]self. Here, he shows that he understands the responsibilities of being a host and a kinsman, and he is seen respecting the laws of hospitality in spite of tremendous external and internal pressure. He shows he cares. Then, Macbeth acknowledges that Duncan has borne his faculties so meekà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹been so fair in officeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹that his virtues will plead like angels, and pity, like a naked new-born babe,Ã…Â  /Shall blow the horrid dead in every eye. Macbeth, in comparing virt ues to angels, shows us that in his present state of mind, he sees morality as something to strive for, as angels are the representative pinnacle of morality. Furthermore he believes the murder to be a horrid or in this case immoral deed, proving he is able to differentiate good from bad. The metaphor of the baby, who represents pity, shows that Macbeth understands that pity is pure, like a baby, untainted by immorality and vaulting ambition. Macbeth shows he aspires to be moral, because his final and adamant decision is in accordance with what pity demands. He is not at all numb to the idea of murder; he is virtually repulsed by it. In his soliloquy in Act III Scene I, Macbeth is shown to have descended dramatically from his original state: he is jealous, fearful, and certainly not compassionate. He finds no reason not to kill Banquo as he had with Duncan, though Macbeth freely admits that Banquo has a royal nature. The usage of royal here means Macbeth still can tell wrong from right, good nature from bad nature. But this does not in any way deter Macbeth from killing Banquo as it did with Duncan. Macbeth says, To be [king] is nothing; /But to be safely thus meaning that the only way to achieve safety, which Macbeth equates to happiness, is to slaughter Banquo. What is striking here is what is missing: there is no pro-con list, no reasons against the murder. We are also shown here by what is not said that Macbeth is losing his pragmatic skills, because logic dictates that for him to commit another cold-blooded murder, the first having already driven him to incurable insomnia, would cause him only to spiral furt her and further away from happiness. The fact that he doesnt consider Banquos morality as a reason against killing him shows that Macbeth is on his way to being totally numb when dealing with death and murder. And, instead of being thoughtful, Macbeth is blinded by fear and jealousy, because his genius is rebukd [by Banquo]. This fear is clear when he says explicitly that there is none but he /Whose being I do fear. Banquo is the only one Macbeth fears. Also, before he was concerned with the laws of hospitality which include modesty, and now by contradiction he calls himself genius and even compares himself to Caesar. His jealousy, not ambition like before, drives him to have contempt for the wis[e] Banquo, because Banquo, according to the witches, is father to a line of kings which means Macbeth has a fruitless crown. The why of the fear is explained by implication when Macbeth states that the barren scepter or pointless symbol of Macbeths status as king, will be wrenchd with an un lineal hand from his gripe. To wrench is to take forcefully, inspiring fear. This fear later turns to regret, as he says that only for Banquos descendants, only for them, rather than for himself has he murdered the gracious Duncan. In his mind, this means that he has sold his soul, his eternal jewel, to the common enemy of man Satan. This metaphor shows self-acknowledged moral decay, which is a double-sided coin: morally he has indeed decayed, and yet he can still recognize it, which is a step in the right direction. But he is so melodramatic about this point (the two exclamation marks: kings! and utterance!) that he is perhaps losing control over his words if not his sanity, which is confirmed concretely when Banquos ghost emerges from Macbeths tortured psyche later. Total descent is on the horizon. At first he cares about the morality of Duncan and himself. Pity had played an integral role in his life. Now he cares only for his own well-being. The next step is total apathy. By Act V Scene V, Macbeth has fallen entirely from his original state. He has lost all compassion, all conscience, even all fear. In essence, Macbeth is totally numb from life. He says explicitly that he cares so little that he has almost forgot[ten] the taste of fears. Progressively his fears had narrowed: originally he feared the punitive and moral consequences of killing Duncan. At least later he had feared Banquo though for less noble reasons. Now he fears almost nothing. A night-shriek can no longer rouse and stir him because he has suppd full with horrors. The only way horror could become unable to start Macbeth would be if he is too numb even to be able to recognize it. At the beginning, as shown, he is repulsed by the horror of murder; now he is too familiar with slaughterous thoughts even to be frightened. The word slaughterous implies violent, almost gory thoughts, which convey the extent to which Macbeth truly is numb to blood. Macbeth is then told that his wife is dead. S ummarily his reaction is one of apathetic despair, which is a huge fall even from caring about being safely king (in deciding to murder Banquo). He only says about his wife that she should have died hereafter, that she would have died sometime in any case. By saying this, Macbeth shows he no longer thinks of time as we do. Obviously, everyone dies, including his wife, but he fails to acknowledge or even care about the time that he could have spent with his dearest partner in greatness between her present death and when she would have died naturally. In fact, his new attitude of time is jaded, awful, hopeless. The monotony of the sound of the phrase to-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow shows he feels that time truly is just many different paths leading to the same inevitable conclusion: dusty death. All of our yesterdays lead to this death. He leaves no loophole to beat this cynical system of existence. He even urges death on, in relation to himself, saying Out, out brief candle! The image of a candle slowly flickering away is Macbeths way of conveying poetically that life is truly nothing more that an empty shell approaching death, a walking shadowÃ…Â  that frets his hour upon the stage. The word frets implies wasting time. This candle is then heard no more, so therefore its existence, Macbeths existence, is pointless. Even though life is full of sound and fury, powerful events, it still signif[ies] nothing. Life is hollow. The descent is complete. He doesnt care for his wife, nor himself, because life is just a tale told by an idiot. Life, that which Macbeth had hoped to live safely and happily, has now been concluded to be insignificant, a waste of time. Concerning the difference between good and bad, life now for Macbeth is all gray, clouded by cynicism. He simply does not care anymore, because if something signif[ies] nothing then it means nothing. And if one finds no meaning in life, one certainly doesnt care about petty distinctions, such as good versus bad, morality versus immorality, life versus death. Nothing can be lower, emotionally, than this point in Macbeths regression. By depicting Macbeths regression from compassion to apathy, Shakespeare warns us that one should not try to exceed ones set manhood, as Macbeth says, I dare do all that may become a man; /Who dares do more, is none. He does dare to do more and consequently ends up as none. Shakespeare summarizes the entire play in a single quotation. By trying to please his wife, trying to prove to her his love, Macbeth violates his idea about what a man is. Up to that point he had been brave and even moral in defending his king Duncan on the battlefield. To him, this is what a man is. Now, for his wife, he goes beyond this definition, in a realm that is paradoxically so manly that it truly is not manly; it is a bravado. It is as if Macbeth is dared into drinking so much of the wine of ambition that he ends up first drunk, then dead. The first wife-inspired big sip is in murdering his king. This is clearly where he goes wrong, because his decision to kill Duncan ultimately leads to his destruction. Works Cited and Consulted: Adelman, Janet. Escaping the Matrix: The Construction of Masculinity in Macbeth and Coriolanus. Shakespeares Late Tragedies, ed. Susan L. Wofford. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1996, 134-167. Garber, Marjorie. Macbeth: The Male Medusa. Shakespeares Late Tragedies, ed. Susan L. Wofford. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1996, 74-103. Keirnan, Victor. Eight Tragedies of Shakespeare: A Marxist Study. London, NY: Verso, 1996. Nelson, T.A. ENGL 533 lecture February 18, 1999. Stallybrass, Peter. Macbeth and Witchcraft. Shakespeares Late Tragedies, ed. Susan L. Wofford. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc. 1996, 104-118. Staunton, Howard, ed. The Globe Illustrated Shakespeare. New York: Gramercy Books, 1979. Watson, Robert N. Shakespeare and the Hazards of Ambition. Cambidge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984

The Asian As Superior Myth Essays -- essays research papers

The author, Ronald Takaki, wishes to illustrate that the perceptions of Asian Americans as a "model minority" are not entirely accurate. Takaki writes that the facts and figures used to compare Asian-Americans to other, less successful minority groups are misleading. For example, the author writes that although Japanese Americans are seen as upwardly mobile, they have not yet achieved equality. The essay states that "while Japanese American men in California earned an average income comparable to Caucasian men in 1980, they did so only by acquiring more education and working more hours." In addition, the author found that while some Asian American groups do have higher family incomes than Caucasians, at the same time the Asian American families are larger and have more members of working age than Caucasian families. The author's purpose is to show the reader that although Asian Americans are portrayed as "successful" when compared to other minority groups, they still have ground to make up before they begin to accurately approach the ranks of the Anglo majority. The author uses his own personal experiences as the grandson of agricultural laborers to relay to the reader than he, too, can relate to the plight of Asian Americans in this country. The essay was written to show and give reasons why Asian Americans are seen by other minority groups as a "model minority." The author attempts to show that this i...

The sport that I am working to improve is hockey as it is the main sport that I play

The sport that I am working to improve is hockey as it is the main sport that I play. I currently play for my school 1st XI and also for a club team. I play about five times a week, which includes the matches of about two a week on average plus training sessions. During each week I have one fitness session in order to maintain the level that I have reached so far. I am confident with all aspects of my game but all of them require ongoing improvement. Hockey requires many different skills and abilities. During a game of hockey the players are required to do movements such as stretching, fast responses to different actions of the opponents, and to maintain a high level of activity throughout the match / game. Firstly, speed and agility in a match are vital to allow the player to contribute fully to his role in the game whether it be defending or attacking. They are needed whether trying to catch up with a player or move away from them. Flexibility gives the player a wider range of movement, which would help in both attacking and defensive scenarios. Players must be able to maintain a high level of cardio-vascular and muscular endurance throughout the game so that it does not have an effect on their overall performance. My current activity levels are high with myself playing hockey (whether it is a match or training) on Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. Each session lasts for approximately one and a half to two hours. The sessions are not always at the same time of day with them varying from early morning to late evening. In addition to this I play other sports at the weekend including matches and coaching sessions. Whenever possible during the week I have one fitness session consisting of about 30minutes. This allows me to maintain the level of fitness I have already achieved in the season. I play in a defensive position in a game of hockey and therefore I must have quick reactions in order to be able to respond to the movements of my opponents. Also I need to be able to stay with the opponent when marking them and this requires both speed and endurance. Speed is needed so that I can keep up with the attacker, which gives me a chance of tackling him, and endurance is needed so that I can stay with the person for long periods of time. I know from my own experience that I have definite strengths and weaknesses. My endurance is one of my strengths although it can still be improved dramatically which would have huge improvements on my overall game play. The weaknesses are in the form of agility and sprints and these are both extremely important also. In the sprints, it is the beginning of the running that is slow, which allows the attacker to get away from me in a game. Agility has no specific area to concentrate on so the entire area needs to be improved. By improving my sprint speed it would put me at more of an advantage against other opponents than I had before. It would allow me to stay with them and keep put pressure on them rather than me always trying to catch up with them which does not put as much pressure on. They would not have as much time to prepare themselves as I would be there in a much shorter time. Agility would have an improvement on every aspect of my game whether it is defensive or attacking. It would improve my time it takes to change direction and also allow me to work better at different levels whether it be up or down. Endurance would improve my game all round also especially in the last quarter of the matches. I would be less fatigued and therefore less likely to make a rash decision or to play a bad pass which normally happens when a player begins to get fatigued. This would put me at an advantage against most other players, as I would be able to react to different situations more appropriately.

Gnostics & Orthodox Christians essays

Gnostics & Orthodox Christians essays It is not permitted for a woman to speak in the church, nor is it permitted for her to teach, nor baptize, nor to offer the eucharist, nor to claim for herself a share in any masculine function-least of all, in priestly office (p.155). In the beginning of Christianity this was not the view towards women and even todays modern times many of these restrictions against women have been removed. Orthodox Christians placed many of these restrictions against women in the first century after the death of Christ. These restrictions were strongly rejected by the Gnostics who felt that women were equals to men. In this paper the differences between the orthodox Christians and the Gnostics will be examined. Such issues as views of sexuality, creation, the Trinity, the gender of God, and the role of women in church will be discussed. I hope to have provided a full understanding of all these issues and differences by the end of this paper. Many people think that the battle of the sexes is a new thing but this war has been raging since the time of Jesus with males being the predominant winners. When it comes too superior or not superior the orthodox will take men over women every time. The orthodox even thought that since men made up the body of the community that only men were allowed into heaven and the only way for women to get into heaven was to assimilate themselves to men (p.142). Gnostics felt that man and woman were created equally and that woman did not have to conform to enter the gates of heaven. When it come to the story of creation the orthodox believe in the story that is told today to describe creation. It is the story of God creating the world the world in seven days and creating woman from man. There are several Gnostics accounts one states as follows, From the power of silence appeared a great power, the Mind of the Universe, which manage ...

Free Essays on I Miss U

Free Essays on I Miss U i'll let you in on how im feelin you've got a lot of nerve you'll get what you deserve granted this feeling's unappealing i'm bitter i'll admit but now i gotta deal with it just one more thing, ok... it's all so sad to say what we had has gone away ya could say its sad think of what we coulda haddd i'll let you out without resistance parting this was is not the way we ever thought, in fact i'd always thought we'd go the distance but we went nowhere quick so sad it makes me sick just one more thing ok? it's all so sad to say!...

Social-Cognitive Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social-Cognitive Perspective - Essay Example It emphasizes the role of biology and gene transmission across generations to explain current behaviors. Social Learning Perspective: Stresses the importance of unique experiences in family, school, community, etc. According to this viewpoint, we learn behaviors through observing and mimicking the behavior of people around us. Social-Cognitive Perspective: demonstrates an information processing model of social behavior, where we notice, interpret, and judge the behavior of others. New experiences may either be assimilated (using already held beliefs to interpret the event), or accommodated (which involves changing existing beliefs in response to the event.) By understanding the processing of information, we can better understand how patterns of thoughts impact behavior. One of the most important features of the social constructionist perspective is that much attention is given to the influence of the specific dialogues on the possible meanings. For example, to do justice to the self-understanding of the believing community, we cannot avoid the language of revelation. For practical theological discourse about revelation, this means that we have to consider the various dialogues in which different sets of criteria function. We encounter other branches of theology and engage in conversations with the social science and also connect with the church and the society in the process. A second important aspect of a social constructionist perspective is the emphasis on the performative dimension of language. Instead of asking what revelation is, what content is revealed, and how we can evaluate competing claims to revelation, a social constructionist practical theology will delve into what it means when someone invokes the language of revelation. This is not to be confused with relativism. The psychodynamic perspective originated from Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and lays emphasis on the unconscious components such as conflicts and instinctual energies. "psychodynamics" is a general term which incorporates all the components but keeps the unconscious as a primary element. The reason why scientifically oriented psychologists dismiss this perspective is its emphasis on the unconscious which can neither be observed nor measured. A language-centered perspective toward the social-rhetorical construction of knowledge can be constructed by juxtaposing Kenneth Burke's philosophy of language with Thomas S. Kuhn's philosophy of science. Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions has "had a wider academic influence than any other single book of the last twenty years" (Gutting v). In particular, Kuhn is honored as "father of current social constructionist thought" in a variety of disciplines (Bruffee 779). Therefore, a cross-fertilization of these two important thinkers' viewpoints should be a fruitful endeavor. Recently, J.E. McGuire and Trevor Melia have argued against opinions regarding "rampant rhetoricism" in rhetoric of science scholarship ("Rhetoric"). They argue that while the form and validation processes of science display rhetorical qualities, the "content" of scientific discourse ( which scientific language is about) is ontologically different from that of other forms of discourse, and, hence, in an important sense, science qua science is non-rhetorical ("Some" 97). Those who describe rhetoric as epistemic emphasize that language "embodies and generates knowledge" that is relative to specific

Legal Reference Concepts of Contracts Coursework

Legal Reference Concepts of Contracts - Coursework Example Biblical worldview refers to human perception of the events in the world from the lens of the inerrant, perfect God. Through the perception, human beings define reality and human relationships as influenced by biblical morals and teachings. For example, biblical worldview regards natural, flawless life and the moral human activities as the work of God. In light of these arguments, all contractual successes are attributed to God while any failures are regarded as the work of evil. Sometimes failures within the context of the biblical worldview are regarded as lessons which if taken positively will avoid bad consequences of one’s actions in future. Contracts are very common and form an important part of modern law. A contract is an agreement between two or more parties, giving each side clear obligations to perform towards its success. For proper apportioning of obligations, a contract must meet all of the primary conditions such as: the parties being competent; seeking or giving out a subject matter; a legal consideration by the offeree; mutuality of agreement and of obligation (Huffman, 2012). The most important condition to the formation of a contract is consideration, which generally involves money changing hands. A definite value of the subject matter or compensation is normally an imperative element of a valid contract, and in cases where the value is not fixed, the contract must provide a clear procedure for determining the price. So it is a common principle that the contract will lack the enforcement power when the price is not specified and the strategy of arriving at the value is also lacking (Jindo, 2011). Regardless, there are clear reservations in applying the doctrine. The contemporary contract normally involves money. In biblical worldview, a contract does not necessarily involve money. Biblical scriptures say even if all the worldly elements of a contract have been met, the parties will still face problems with performing